including 是一个常用介词,核心用法是在句子里引出包含关系,表示“包括、包含、把……列入”。在 including用法 里,最常见的位置是放在名词、代词、动名词、名词短语前面,用来让信息更具体、范围更清楚。句子可以写成 The price includes shipping.(价格包含运费。)也可以写成 Please bring your documents, including ID and proof of address.(请带上文件,包括身份证和住址证明。)这样写可以让读者快速看到被纳入的对象,读起来顺,意思也集中。
核心结构速览
| 结构 | 示例 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| including + 名词 | The team includes five engineers. | 团队包含五名工程师。 |
| including + 代词 | The package includes one for you. | 包裹里有一件属于你的。 |
| including + 动名词 | The course covers practice, including speaking and listening. | 课程包含练习,包括口语和听力。 |
| including + 名词短语 | The menu offers many dishes, including vegetarian options. | 菜单提供多种餐点,包括素食选项。 |
位置安排
| 位置 | 例句 | 效果 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语后 | The list includes new members. | 范围紧跟主语,信息紧凑。 |
| 宾语后 | We saw many guests, including teachers. | 对象放在句尾,补充自然。 |
| 逗号后 | Bring documents, including ID. | 插入补充,节奏清晰。 |
| 句尾补充 | You can use all rooms, including the lab. | 适合清单式表达,范围一目了然。 |
使用顺序
- 先写出主句:The package includes...
- 再写出 including 后面的对象:samples and gifts。
- 需要补充信息时,把 including 短语放在逗号后:The list, including names, is long.
- 想让句子更口语时,把对象放到句尾:You can join all clubs, including coding club.
场景清单
| 场景 | 例句 | 表达重点 |
|---|---|---|
| 报价邮件 | The price includes service fee. | 服务费用包含在报价里。 |
| 活动通知 | Welcome to all guests, including students. | 欢迎学生参加。 |
| 学习计划 | The plan includes revision. | 计划包含复习环节。 |
| 资料说明 | Please submit files, including certificates. | 提交文件,包括证书。 |
快速记忆
- 看到 including,心里对应“包括某类对象”。
- 后面常跟名词、代词、动名词、名词短语。
- 想增加细节,就加一个 including 短语。
- 想突出范围,就把 including 短语紧贴被说明的名词。
【常见问题】
问题1:including用法里最常见的搭配是什么?
回答1:including用法里最常见的搭配是 including + 名词、including + 代词、including + 动名词,例句有 The team includes five engineers. 和 Bring books, including notebooks.
问题2:学生记 including用法时应该抓哪个核心点?
回答2:学生记 including用法时抓“包括某个对象或成员”,看到 including 就联想补充名单、范围、细节。
问题3:including用法可以让句子表达更清楚吗?
回答3:including用法可以让句子表达更清楚,它能把被纳入的项目直接列出来,读者会更容易理解范围。
问题4:including用法在邮件里适合吗?
回答4:邮件里适合使用 including用法,尤其是在附件说明、报价说明、活动名单中,例句是 Please find the files, including contracts and reports.
免责声明:本内容围绕 including用法 提供学习参考,实际写作中可按真实语境自然使用。


